Using a compass

How to use a compass with Simon King and Ordnance Survey

To get the most out of your walk, it is important to be able to navigate yourself. Here is a guide to using a compass, with advice from Simon King and the Ordnance Survey.

What is a compass?

A compass is a simple yet invaluable tool for navigation. It works by aligning itself with the Earth's magnetic field, always pointing towards magnetic north. This allows you to determine your direction and orient yourself on a map.

What you need

• A compass (a baseplate compass with a rotating bezel is recommended for map work)
• An Ordnance Survey map of the area you are walking in
• A clear understanding of the map symbols and contours

Basic compass techniques

1. Orienting the map:

   • Place the compass on the map.
   • Turn the map and compass together until the 'north' lines on the map are parallel with the compass needle.
   • Ensure the compass is set to 'north' (0 degrees or 360 degrees).
   • The map is now oriented to the real world, and you can see what features on the map correspond to your surroundings.

2. Taking a bearing from the map:

   • Place the compass on the map so that the edge of the baseplate connects two points (your current location and your destination).
   • Make sure the direction-of-travel arrow on the baseplate points from your current location towards your destination.
   • Rotate the bezel until the orienting lines inside the bezel are parallel with the north-south grid lines on the map.
   • Ensure the 'N' on the bezel is pointing towards the top of the map (north).
   • Read the bearing (the degree number) at the index line where the direction-of-travel arrow meets the bezel.
   • This is the bearing you need to follow on the ground.

3. Following a bearing on the ground:

   • Hold the compass flat in front of you, away from any metal objects (like zips or belt buckles) that could affect the needle.
   • Turn your body until the 'north' point of the magnetic needle is inside the orienting arrow on the bezel.
   • The direction-of-travel arrow on the baseplate now indicates the direction you need to walk.
   • Look up and identify a distant object (a tree, a rock) in that direction and walk towards it. Repeat the process from that object. This is called 'leapfrogging' and helps you walk in a straight line.

Tips from Simon King

Simon King, a renowned wildlife cameraman and presenter, emphasises the importance of a compass in his work: "Being able to navigate confidently is crucial. It not only keeps you safe but also allows you to explore further off the beaten track and discover hidden gems. Practise these techniques regularly, even on familiar routes, to build your confidence."

Further resources

• Ordnance Survey: The Ordnance Survey website offers a wealth of information on map reading and navigation, including videos and guides. Visit https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/
• Compass types: Learn more about different types of compasses and their features on the Ordnance Survey website.
• Map symbols: Familiarise yourself with OS map symbols to understand the terrain and features around you.

By mastering the use of a compass, you can enhance your enjoyment and safety on all your Ramblers walks.